Mahsa Rafiee Alhossaini; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad; Farid Zayeri; Masoumeh Sadeghi
Volume 23, Issue 6 , 2021
Abstract
Background: The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Moreover, the individuals who enter the study at the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. Both cross-sectional ...
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Background: The risk of obesity commonly changes with age, which is a longitudinal (aging) effect. Moreover, the individuals who enter the study at the same age have similar living conditions that may influence their obesity risk in a particular way; this is a cross-sectional effect. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age should be considered for a better understanding of the effect of age on obesity and the related factors.
Objectives: The present study aimed to (i) assess both the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on obesity and (ii) determine how obesity changes with age in the target population using a Marginal Logistic Regression (MLR) model.
Methods: The current study made use of the information of individuals who had participated in the Isfahan Cohort Study. Participants were a large group of Iranian adults over 35 years of age who lived in the central region of Iran in 2001. Repeated measurements were obtained in 2001, 2007, and 2013.
Results: From 2001 to 2013, the percentage of obesity in men and women raised from 13% and 31% to 18% and 44%, respectively. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age were significantly associated with the odds ratio of obesity. There was a rise in the probability of obesity for individuals aged 35-60 years at baseline and a decline for the older ones. The odds of obesity had about a 2% increase (on average) per year, regardless of the baseline age.
Conclusion: The obtained results pointed to a difference between the cross-sectional and longitudinal effects of age on the probability of obesity in the target population. The high and rising prevalence of obesity was a serious public health issue among participants, especially women, aged 35-60 years. The assessment of changes in obesity in a population-based study provides opportunities to target subpopulations that need more care and attention in public health interventions.
Reza Ali Akbari Khoei; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad; Farzad Eskandari; Mohammad Heidarzadeh
Volume 23, Issue 2 , 2021
Abstract
Background: Congenital malformations are one of the most important and common types of anomalies in infants, which are one of the main causes of disability and mortality in children.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the incidence of ...
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Background: Congenital malformations are one of the most important and common types of anomalies in infants, which are one of the main causes of disability and mortality in children.
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the incidence of congenital malformations, as well as the number of different infant anomalies recorded in neonatal health data in Khoy, Iran, during 2017.
Methods: In this study, all neonates born in the maternity wards of hospitals in Khoy, Iran, during 2017 were evaluated in terms of gender, weight, and parental consanguinity. Hurdle and Zero-inflation approaches were utilized for the double Poisson model. Moreover, the data were collected using some checklists, and the analyses were performed in R-3-6-1 software.
Results: According to the results of the present study, the Hurdle approach was better than Zero-inflation. The birth weight and parental consanguinity affected the incidence of congenital malformations in infants.
Conclusion: Given that a significant proportion of infants are born without any congenital malformations, it is important to use count regression models based on excess zero approaches to assess congenital malformations. It is also necessary to take steps to reduce consanguineous marriages and the number of infants with low-birth-weight to prevent congenital malformations.
Maryam Salari; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad; Farid Zayeri
Volume 19, Issue 8 , August 2017, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: Liver cancer is considered as the 6th common cancer from which people are suffering all around the world. Poor prognosis is the main challenge regarding this disease.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the changing trends in the liver cancer death rate in Asian countries from ...
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Background: Liver cancer is considered as the 6th common cancer from which people are suffering all around the world. Poor prognosis is the main challenge regarding this disease.Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the changing trends in the liver cancer death rate in Asian countries from 1990 to 2015.Methods: This ecological longitudinal study was performed to compare the death rate resulting from liver cancer. The data were gathered from all Asian countries provided by the global burden of disease’s (GBD) online database in the global health research center at the University of Washington published in October 2016. The classification was done based on the death rate using the growth mixed model (GMM).Results: The rate of liver cancer death in men was higher than women, there were 2 optimal classes. Both classes had an increasing trend. The first class had a steeper slope by a higher intercept. Taiwan, Thailand, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, China, and Japan were countries classified in this class. The mean of the intercept was estimated as 21.1 deaths per 100,000 people and the mean of the slope was 2.4. The other class had an increasing rate with a lower slope.Conclusions: In general, our statistical analyses showed that most Asian countries had an increasing trend in the rate of their liver cancer mortality. Therefore, it is highly recommended that officials in the health policy-making identify the reasons for the increase in the mortality rate and take due actions such as interventional programs of countries which have succeeded in taking under control the ramifications of liver cancer
Amir Hamta; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad; Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki; Roya Farhadi
Volume 19, Issue 5 , May 2017, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of cervical cerclage (CC) in mothers suffering cervical incompetence (CI) for preventing preterm birth (PTB) in twin gestations remains controversial. Some studies show that it plays a preventive role in the occurrence of PTB, while others suggest it is ineffective.Objectives: ...
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Background: The effectiveness of cervical cerclage (CC) in mothers suffering cervical incompetence (CI) for preventing preterm birth (PTB) in twin gestations remains controversial. Some studies show that it plays a preventive role in the occurrence of PTB, while others suggest it is ineffective.Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of CC in preventing PTB and negative neonatal outcome (e.g., respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and birth weight) based on a new statistical framework: multilevel analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) in twin pregnancies.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the maternity wards of three general and teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran, during January 2014 to February 2015. Using stratified random sampling with the proportional allocation method, twin pregnancieswere randomly selected from the medical files list. Of 431 eligible individuals, 31 patients underwent CC as a result of CI, and the others had healthy cervixes and no CC. Next, variables that confound the relationships between CC and PTB (e.g., assisted reproductive technology (ART), preterm rupture of membrane (PROM), nulliparous, history of abortion, and mother’s age) by applying 1:2 PSM were matched in both groups. The CC group was considered the case group and, based on PSM, 61 patients, whose characteristics were similar to the CC group, were selected from 400 healthy mothers as a control group. For considering twins dependencies, multilevel modeling was used, and prevalence of PTB, LBW, and RDS, as well as mean gestational age in the two groups, were compared.Results: The standardized mean difference (SMD) shows that the distribution of confounding variables in the propensity-matched data is the same in both groups. Results revealed that, although gestational age in the case group was significantly less than the control group, the prevalence of PTB in case and control was not significantly different (P = 0.190). The prevalence of neonatal outcome of RDS and LBW in the case and control groups was not significant (P > 0.05).Conclusions: It appears that CC has an effective role in prevention of PTB, LBW, and RDS, because their prevalence in both groups was the same. However, drawing a clear conclusion regarding its role requires more research with a random clinical trial (RCT) design.
Neda Gilani; Anoshirvan Kazemnejad; Farid Zayeri; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Fatemeh Sadat Izadi Avanji
Volume 19, Issue 2 , February 2017, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem throughout the world.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess repeated glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores in predicting the severity of TBI and patients’ survival.Patients and Methods: In this longitudinal study ...
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Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem throughout the world.Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess repeated glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores in predicting the severity of TBI and patients’ survival.Patients and Methods: In this longitudinal study used a total sample of 239 patients, all of whom were hospitalized with traumatic brain injuries. Subjects were selected by simple random sampling in intensive care unit (ICU) wards of the Shahid Beheshti hospital in Kashan, Iran between September 2008 and September 2010. The patients’ level of consciousness was evaluated using GCS at admission, six hours after admission to the ICU, and at the time of discharge from the hospital. A Glasgow outcome score (GOS) is used to classify the global outcomes in TBI survivors. A joint modeling approach was utilized for data analysis using R software.Results: The results showed that female patients had the risk of occurrence, slightly more than men, but this was not significant(HR =1.095 P = 0.757). The mortality risk was significantly higher in older patients (HR = 1.010, P = 0.010). In addition, the resultsindicated a significant increasing linear trend in GCS values over time (HR=1.78, P=0.003). Higher age was also associated with lowerGCS values over time (P < 0.001). The severity of TBI decreases with increasing GCS values (P < 0.001).Conclusions: By jointly modeling longitudinal data with time-to-event outcomes, our findings supported the use of the GCS scoresin predicting the severity of TBI.
